The 8-pin EPS12V connector is rated for 36A (9A per contact).
After VRM losses this means around 330W consumption allowed for the CPU.
Some of the PSUs with multiple 12V rails have per-rail OCP configured to significantly lower than that (e.g. <25A or so).
Connecting the additional 4-pin ATX12V connector will balance the current draw between rails and therefore prevent the OCP from kicking in under high loading conditions. Also while both of the connectors are connected the maximum current capability will 56A which means the CPU can draw around 517W power (in theory).
Having both of the connector attached does not do any harm.




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