those are very simple protections that have been added to recent voltage regulator designs. if an output stage mosfet blows (overheat) it is possible that it pulls the whole output stage to 12V = bad(tm). ovp protects against that
ocp is for cases where a short circuit occurs somewhere in the consumer circuit. short circuit = lots of current = bad(tm).
in a proper configuration ocp is set in a way that it is never triggered during "normal" use. apparently ati didnt do enough testing and set ocp too low.
in addition to those two, volterra has added overtemperature protection as well, which is triggered when an output stage gets too hot. there are some more fault triggers as well which are not important for us
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