Okay maybe I was a bit off. When my heatpipes froze up, it was in -15C ambient. At a certain temperature, the materials in the heatpipes can actually freeze and cease transfer. It's happened many times. -15C ambient yet my CPU shoots up to 60+C. And thermal paste can be ruled out because I've tried it with ceramique. The reason you probably didn't experience this with -5C is because the chip is still putting out enough heat to keep the internals of the heatpipes above zero.
From wikipedia
At the hot interface within a heat pipe, which is typically at a very low pressure, a liquid in contact with a thermally conductive solid surface turns into a vapor by absorbing the heat of that surface. The vapor condenses back into a liquid at the cold interface, releasing the latent heat. The liquid then returns to the hot interface through either capillary action or gravity action where it evaporates once more and repeats the cycle. In addition, the internal pressure of the heat pipe can be set or adjusted to facilitate the phase change depending on the demands of the working conditions of the thermally managed system.
In addition, below a certain temperature, the working fluid will not undergo phase change, and the thermal conductivity will be reduced to that of the solid metal casing. One of the key criteria for the selection of a working fluid is the desired operational temperature range of the application. The lower temperature limit typically occurs a few degrees above the freezing point of the working fluid.
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